Week in Review – January 26, 2025

“So Much Snow!”

New Orleans experienced the most snow since 1895, with almost ten inches falling on Tuesday into Wednesday.  We spent the week in Pacifica and missed all the fun.  Our friends and neighbors kept us updated with photos of the house, front steps and car.

Our neighbour, Auggie, had a great time in the snow:

He was kind enough to shovel our steps, so that “his friends won’t fall.”

Here are a couple of landmarks that haven’t seen snow in a while:

Auggie made a snowman with the snow that was left in our yard on Thursday  morning:

This is all that was left of it this morning when Anne went by to empty our fridge:

It is amazing how much the city completely shuts down with snow and ice.  They really don’t have any equipment at all to deal with it.  I10, the main East/West Interstate that runs through New Orleans, was closed until Friday.

From Your Orthodontist 
Greetings One and All!

Although most of you know that I consider Gottsegen Orthodontics to be the Waffle House of tooth shoppes, whereupon conditions must be essentially catastrophic for us to close down on a normal business day, we are forced to do so from time to time. Major hurricane? Check. Global pandemic? Sure. Unexplained, random, never-apologized-for Entergy outage? You betcha. But a blizzard? That actually might stick for a few days?? In New Orleans??? Come on, Man.

However bizarre these circumstances might be, the talking heads have assured us that, yes, this is going to happen, and it looks like mid-day Tuesday is showtime. What they can’t tell us with accuracy yet is how much snow to expect on the Southshore, when its actually going to start, and how long it’s going to be a problem for.

Here’s my current thought process: Tomorrow, Monday, will be business as usual. Cold but dry. So if you have an appointment with us in Metairie, please come as scheduled – we’ll be there from 1-5.

Tuesday will be closed. I’d love to be open in the morning, but there’s too much uncertainty around the timing of things and I don’t want to leave any of you nor our staff having to drive in precarious conditions. That said, I live near the Uptown office and will be available to handle any issues or emergencies any of you might be experiencing if you can get to me – I can walk there if needed. And my staff will start calling all of you with Tuesday appointments tomorrow to reschedule you. Please understand that our schedule is tight as usual and we’ll get you in as soon as we can but it’s going to require some flexibility on all of our parts – we’ll likely work through lunch some days to catch up but it might be a couple of weeks before we can fit you in somewhere convenient to you. Please be kind to our scheduling team – none of this is their fault.

The rest of the week is still up in the air. Depending on temperatures and how much snowfall we actually see, we’ll determine Wednesday morning about how we handle Wednesday afternoon – and I’ll email you all with updates as we get them, so please check your Inbox periodically. I’m operating on the assumption that Thursday will be fine and running at full steam but again, the situation is fluid.

If any of you need to speak to me directly or have a clinical issue that requires immediate attention, please send a text to either 504-895-4841 or 504-454-6272 – it’ll come right to my cellphone and I’ll respond to you as quickly as possible. This does not include questions about rescheduling – my front office staff will be handling all of that tomorrow and whenever we’re able to get back to the office, so please don’t ask me when we can move you to because I honestly don’t iknow!

So wrap dem pipes, bundle yourselves up, put sweaters on your dogs and let’s all make the most of what will certainly be a couple of rare, beautiful days in the Deep South! Thanks for understanding – I hate having to do this as much as you do!

Yours truly,

Brad Gottsegen

A big thanks to Kenny and Kara for making sure our house was prepped for the storm.  Water shut off, pipes drained, and food delivery stowed in the freezer – thanks guys!

Clorinda came home from the hospital on Wednesday afternoon, after a two week stay.  She is very happy to be home to her normal surroundings and pretty views.  A lot of work for Diana, with me providing “hoisting services” every few hours.

I snuck out for a while on Thursday and met Will and Ollie for lunch in Redwood City.  Will chose Mazra, a Mediterranean and tapas restaurant.  We started with yummy cauliflower:

 

 

 

And then Will ordered what Marco described as “dinner for four.”  We had plenty of leftovers.

The rest of the week has been a consistent routine of making Clorinda as comfortable as possible.  She always brightens up when the grandkids visit.  Francesca thought it was fun to steal my phone and make a video that I didn’t see until the next morning.  Always up to something.

With a bit of extra time on my hands, and no buddies to hang out with, I was able to watch a few movies that I really enjoyed.

“A Real Pain” was a very good story about two buddies (Jessie Eisenberg and Kieran Culkin) on a guided tour of Poland.  I was trying to figure out who the lady on the tour was – looked very familiar.  Had to look it up to find it was Jennifer Gray of “Dirty Dancing” fame.

“The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry” was the next movie I enjoyed.  It’s a quiet movie about a bookseller on a remote North Eastern island.  Recommended.

The last movie that I’ll share was “The Fundamentals of Caring.”  Paul Rudd is a caregiver for a disabled child.  Highly recommended.

I finished “Martyr” by Kaveh Akbar this week.  All these great reviews had me excited for the read:

“NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • SHORTLISTED FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD • ONE OF THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW’S 10 BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR • ATIME MUST-READ BOOK OF THE YEAR • A newly sober, orphaned son of Iranian immigrants, guided by the voices of artists, poets, and kings, embarks on a remarkable search for a family secret that leads him to a terminally ill painter living out her final days in the Brooklyn Museum. Electrifying, funny, and wholly original, Martyr! heralds the arrival of an essential new voice in contemporary fiction.

“Kaveh Akbar is one of my favorite writers. Ever.” —Tommy Orange, Pulitzer Prize–nominated author of There There.”

I found the first 280 pages to be a real slog for me.  The last 50 or so pages brought a lot of things together and made for an enjoyable conclusion.  I would recommend skipping this one.
I came across these speakers this week and thought the design was very cool.  Further research showed they cost $250K – what?
We’re always excited when the Jazzfest schedule is published.
Nobody earth shattering but several good options – particularly further down in the lineup.
King Crimson released a bunch of live shows this week.  The setup with the three drummers up front is very enjoyable:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGJStoFB6qU

Garth Hudson of The Band died this week.  He was the last living member, and the genius musician behind a lot of the arrangements.  Robbie Robertson used to take music lessons from him when the band was first forming.

Here’s one of their songs that features his organ and keyboard skills:

Something from New Orleans pianist, Kyle Roussel:

Coexist peacefully, with patience and kindness for all!

 

Week in Review – January 19th, 2025

“Back to Pacifica, CA”

On Monday, we walked to Walgreens to drop off a Kate Spade FedEX return.  I bought Diana an iPhone bracelet for Christmas and it’s the wrong size.  I got quite confused and called Kendra Scott to ask about it, prior to realizing that the bracelet was actually from Kate Spade.  I even tried to visit the Kendra Scott store for help, before realizing I had made the same mistake twice.

After the walk, we drove over to Frenchy’s gallery on Oak Street to look at a painting that he did of Jon Batiste at Jazzfest last year.  We had a very nice visit with Frenchy, just back from the Big Easy music cruise.  He told us stories and showed the paintings he made on the cruise.  I liked the Marcia Ball one, and he also had a great one of Keb Mo.

We liked the Jon Batiste painting very much – it captures the show that we saw at Jazzfest very well.  It is now hanging on the wall behind my piano.

Frenchy said he snuck Tab Benoit in as the middle marching Jazzfest guy.

Here’s some biographical information on Frenchy:

“Born to a boxer and a saint on August 16th, 1970, in Lowell, MA, Randy Leo Frechette – a.k.a Frenchy – has been drawing since he could grip a pencil.
In grade school he impressed friends with caricatures, but he realized his true calling when The Boston Horns persuaded him to paint their Orlando performance LIVE. Since that day, Frenchy’s presence has filled venues around the globe with an explosion of creative spirit.
New Orleans has been his home, and his muse, since 1997, where the eclectic street and music scene continuously inspire his creative expression. Immersed into the sights and sounds of New Orleans, he could be found in music clubs such as the Maple Leaf Bar almost any night, mastering his “acousti-optics” with musical legends such as the Grammy Award-winning ReBirth Brass Band and more.”
I really enjoy seeing the painting each time I come in the front door.
We dropped “Table for Two” by Amor Towles off to Kenny after Frenchy.   After that I tried Mint for a Vietnamese lunch – closed on Monday.  Val’s Oaxacan Mexican was our backup.  Delicious – mushroom queso fundido and an empanada for me, very unique and creative nachos for Diana.

Julia dropped off these pretty tulips as a get well from back surgery gift:

Clorinda was admitted to the hospital again, and so we flew to San Francisco on Wednesday afternoon.  We spent the majority of the rest of the week shuttling back and forward to Mills Peninsula hospital to spend time with her.  The NFL playoffs provided a little bit of distraction:

Alicia shared the annual report from her work with us.  She had a big part to play in the content and layout, with particular attention on the Director’s message.  Communivercity seems like a wonderful organization that brings together Community, University (San Jose State), and City in partnership to solve problems and encourage our youth.

It’s nice to see Alicia so happy and rewarded by such a worthwhile job.

My sister Elspeth’s birthday was on Sunday.  I enjoyed telling her that it was also:

My first book this week was “Walking with Sam:  A Father, a Son, and 500 Miles across Spain,”  by Andrew McCarthy:

“Andrew Thomas McCarthy is an American actor, travel writer, and television director. He is most known as a member of the Brat Pack, with roles in 1980s films such as St. Elmo’s Fire, Pretty in Pink, Mannequin, and Weekend at Bernie’s. He is ranked No. 40 on VH1’s 100 Greatest Teen Stars of all-time list.”

The book had me remembering a wonderful movie, “The Way”,  where Martin Sheen walks the Camino de Santiago with his son filming and directing.  A great movie, and this is a pretty good book.  A quick and enjoyable read.

McCarthy’s son takes a while to settle in to the routine of the walk and to feel comfortable opening up to his dad:

“Then—I’m not sure exactly how—the topic turns to school. “School lowered what I perceived I’m capable of,” Sam says. “It did me more harm than good.” There is suddenly real emotion in his voice, real hurt. This is not fresh hurt, like the hurt he has been working through regarding The Ex, but a more saturated hurt. A hurt he has carried for years, for most of his life. It is the hurt born of lazy definition and judgment thrown heavily upon him like a wet overcoat. A hurt that blindsided him, then threatened to define him. His is the hurt of someone who was misunderstood and dismissed out of hand, before he had a chance to define his own experience. It is a hurt that, for a time, came closer to swallowing my son than I knew. It is a hurt with calcified edges.”
A fellow walker comments on the father-son relationship of the McCarthys:
“James nods. We sit. “I want to thank you,” he says softly. “For what?” “For showing me what a father-son relationship can be.” I wave the remark away. “You don’t see us when I’m trying to get him out of bed, or when I’m tired, or when he’s hungry, or, or, or…” “Just accept the love.” James smiles, throwing my words back at me. “I’ve wanted to walk this with my son… so thank you.” I sit with his remark. “You two talk about a lot, don’t you?” he begins again.”
McCarthy really opens up to his son:
“I went to my dad while he was dying, after years of estrangement. His eyes betrayed him, his terror. I took his cool, now lizard-like, hand in mine. I wanted to let go but didn’t. I sat with him. I apologized for not being the son he had wanted.  I loved him. When we were beyond words, we released our past—let it fall to rot on the ground where it belonged. More than a vestige of love remained. I had gone to my father selfishly—and it must be said, at my wife’s urging. I did so that I might be a better father to my own children. The gifts children bear us are complex. Sam hurries to catch up. “Wow, Dad.” “I’m sorry, Sam. I shouldn’t have spoken like that.” I shake my head. “I’ve learned nothing.” “No, you were right.” “That doesn’t matter.” We walk. “Dad?” “Yeah?” “Your Spanish has gotten really good.””
As the duo approaches the end of the 500 mile trek, they are joined by many more walkers who are just doing the final section and haven’t endured the full experience:
“Older couples march with determination. Teens whoop and holler. Long-haul pilgrims stride with confidence. Gone is any resentment over newbies or interlopers to the trail. “All these people,” Sam says, “this is so cool.” He begins to sing Bruce Springsteen’s “The Promised Land,” loudly. Mister I ain’t a boy, no I’m a man And I believe in a promised land.”
On completion of the 500 miles:
“We order Coke and coffee. I go into the bathroom and, as the door locks behind me, I’m surprised by a burst of sobs. Relief, sadness, joy, somehow disappointment, confusion, exhaustion, exhilaration, comingle—the awful truth of the sweetness of life throbs in an unguarded mix of emotions.”
I’m about halfway through my second book, “Martyr” by Kaveh Akbar.
Here are some online reviews:

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • SHORTLISTED FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK AWARD • ONE OF THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW’S 10 BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR • ATIME MUST-READ BOOK OF THE YEAR • A newly sober, orphaned son of Iranian immigrants, guided by the voices of artists, poets, and kings, embarks on a remarkable search for a family secret that leads him to a terminally ill painter living out her final days in the Brooklyn Museum. Electrifying, funny, and wholly original, Martyr! heralds the arrival of an essential new voice in contemporary fiction.

“Kaveh Akbar is one of my favorite writers. Ever.” —Tommy Orange, Pulitzer Prize–nominated author of There There

“The best novel you’ll ever read about the joy of language, addiction, displacement, martyrdom, belonging, homesickness.” —Lauren Groff, best-selling author of Matrix and Fates and Furies

Cyrus Shams is a young man grappling with an inheritance of violence and loss: his mother’s plane was shot down over the skies of the Persian Gulf in a senseless accident; and his father’s life in America was circumscribed by his work killing chickens at a factory farm in the Midwest. Cyrus is a drunk, an addict, and a poet, whose obsession with martyrs leads him to examine the mysteries of his past—toward an uncle who rode through Iranian battlefields dressed as the angel of death to inspire and comfort the dying, and toward his mother, through a painting discovered in a Brooklyn art gallery that suggests she may not have been who or what she seemed.”

I have mixed feelings about the book so far – hasn’t really sucked me in too well.  Hoping for a pick up in the second half.
The New Orleans Jazzfest 2025 lineup was announced this week, and it includes the jamband Goose.  I heard a great set from them on my friend Matt’s Houston radio show a few weeks ago.  I’ve been doing some listening, and am not sure I love them – a bit too much sameness to the guitar noodling.  What do you think?
And yes, I’m having trouble embedding Spotify links over the last two weeks – always upgrading and breaking things.  After an hour or so of putzing around, I think it’s fixed:
I do like this Goose song quite a bit:
And finally, something from the latest Chuck Prophet album.  We were supposed to go and see him at Chickie Wah Wah on Thursday night, but will have to wait on the next tour now:
Coexist peacefully, with kindness and patience for all!

Week in Review – January 12th, 2025

“Carnival Kick-off”

We just took down Christmas and now it’s already time to put up Mardi Gras.  Here’s some helpful information on when Carnival starts and how Mardi Gras Day is decided:

“As the new year rolls in, a much more important holiday for New Orleanians follows closely on its heels: Twelfth Night, the official start of Carnival season in the Crescent City.

Each year on Jan. 6, as other Americans are taking down their Christmas decorations, residents in New Orleans and other parts of the Gulf South start hanging Mardi Gras beads and ordering their favorite king cakes.

As the name suggests, Twelfth Night always comes twelve days after Christmas, no matter where Fat Tuesday falls on the calendar. Though the tradition has evolved into a night of revelry and a kickoff to the celebratory season, the holiday’s roots lie in Christianity.

In the Christian tradition, Twelfth Night is also known as the Epiphany. On this day, believers celebrate the Magi, aka the three kings, visiting baby Jesus with gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh.

But some historians say the post-Christmas celebration stretches back even further to Roman and Celtic times.

Twelfth Night celebrations reached their height during medieval times, according to a 2021 article form History.com. The day served as the exciting end to the Christmas season and as a time when social cues were turned upside down as mischief and revelry were celebrated.

Europeans living in the Middle Ages also celebrated the holiday with a special cake that contained a bean or another trinket hidden inside. Whoever found the trinket was king or queen for the day and would be responsible for hosting the party next year. Sound familiar?

NO.phunnyarc.010724_3828.JPG
The Krewe de Jeanne d’Arc parades through the French Quarter of New Orleans on Saturday, January 6, 2024. (Photo by Chris Granger, The Times-Picayune)

How it’s celebrated now

Instead of being the culmination of the Christmas holiday, Twelfth Night in New Orleans is just the beginning of a season full of parties, merriment and costumes.

Many also consider it to be the first acceptable day to bite into a king cake. These days we’ve traded the bean for a plastic baby, thanks to Donald Entringer, owner of McKenzie’s Bakery.

From there, parades and celebrations will continue throughout Carnival season until Mardi Gras Day, which lands on March 4 in 2025.

New Orleans residents and visitors will be able to don purple, green and gold for a little longer during the 2025 Mardi Gras season, which will last over twice as long as last year’s celebrations.

Longer season this year:

The beginning of Carnival season always takes place on Jan. 6, the 12th night after Christmas. But the actual Mardi Gras holiday depends on Easter and the moon.

Mardi Gras is celebrated the day before the Christian holiday of Ash Wednesday. This year, it won’t happen until March 4, leaving revelers with over eight weeks to celebrate the season.

Last year, Mardi Gras fell on Feb. 13, limiting the Carnival season to just 28 days.

Fat Tuesday routinely falls 47 days before Easter (since Sundays are not counted in the 40 days of Lent), and is held the Sunday following the first full moon after the spring equinox.

An equinox, known as the vernal equinox during spring, occurs when the sun is directly above the equator and day and night are of equal length. This happens twice a year, once in March and once in September.

This year, the spring equinox is March 20, and the first full moon to follow it will be April 13. That means Easter will fall on the next Sunday, April 20, leaving us with a March Mardi Gras date.

We braved the chilly weather on Monday (Twelfth Night) to greet the Phunny Phorty Phellows short streetcar parade.   It’s one of those where you wait around for a while and then it’s past in a minute.  Diana had constructed a special hat from various prior year accoutrements.  I sported the new purple hat the boys gave me for Christmas.
Before braving the cold, we watched the memorial services attended by President and Jill Biden.  They laid flowers at the Bourbon Street memorial, met with families, and then attended a multi-faith service at St. Louis cathedral.
Gail Benson carried the first tribute candle down the aisle, followed by relatives and friends of those lost:
The President gave a short and effective speech to end the very sad proceedings.
Tuesday was mostly consumed with Diana’s back surgery.  We arrived at the hospital at 9am and left a little after 4pm.  The actual procedure didn’t take too much over an hour.  Here’s McD with her space blanket prior to being rolled off to the holding area:
I was confident I had time to sneak out for breakfast and tried the Bearcat Cafe – just a few hundred feet from the hospital.  I enjoyed the food and thought it was a bit expensive and overly hipstery.  I did manage to get some good reading and viewing time in the waiting room for several hours.  The colour coded system to tell you what was happening with the patient, and the text messaging system, worked spottily.
I talked to the surgeon right after she finished and she reported that all had gone well.  The bulging section of the disc was larger than she had anticipated (MRI was from a few months ago), but she got it all out.  Diana seems to be recovering quite well.
Meanwhile, in Steamboat, Colorado, the Ogans and Kirsches were enjoying the first sunny day of their ski trip:
How’s Hamish doing these days?  Well, based on these photos, he seems to be blossoming very nicely:
On Thursday, we took the dressing off Diana’s incision site and cleaned off the iodine and left over glue from the EKG stickers.  All looks good and her recovery seems to be going very well.  Just a bit of lingering pain at the incision site if she sits on a seat that puts pressure on it.
Frenchy has a painting of Jon Batiste at the 2024 Jazzfest that I think would look great behind my piano.  I had been in touch with him, and he said to go by the gallery and look at in the window.  We did that but couldn’t see it – typical Frenchy.  I’ll swing by when the gallery opens again on Monday.
Since we were on Oak Street, we stopped into Juan’s Flying Burrito for lunch.  Their Luau quesadilla (shrimp, bacon, etc) is always delicious.    After that we returned home and then walked over to Aidan Gill for a haircut for me (somewhat overdue, but not as much as a beard trim according to McD.)
I finished up the day by hanging the Mardi Gras flag and bunting.
Diana tried out her new puzzle board and Christmas puzzles as she recuperated.  The penguin puzzle has so many interestingly shaped pieces – lots of penguins.  Diana left one piece for me to finish – a la Denny.
On Friday we made a visit to the New Orleans Athletic Club and then enjoyed lunch at 1,000 figs.  Their falafel plate is excellent and plenty to split between two.
We had the guys and Kara over to watch the UT and Ohio State game on Friday night.  Diana made pigs in the blanket, wings and jambalaya.  Thom brought some Midway pizzas.  We were well fed, even if the result of the game wasn’t to our liking.
On Saturday, we made a trip over to Bright Eyes Optique for Diana to check out new contacts and for us both to get new lenses and frames with our new prescriptions.  Diana got some fun purple coloured sunglasses.
Diana finished her second puzzle (minus the “Denny piece”) – this one is of the flatirons behind Boulder.
I watched a few entertaining movies this week.  The first “Feast of the Seven Fishes” was a direct flashback to Christmas Eve – some classic scenes that took me directly to the kitchen at 1, Gyspy Hill Rd, Pacifica.
Then, “The Company You Keep” with an amazing ensemble cast – Robert Redford, Julie Christie, Susan Sarandon, Shia LeBeouf, Nick Nolte, Anna Kendrick, Stanley Tucci, Chris Cooper.  Are you kidding me?  It’s as if they asked me for several of my favourite actors and put them all together in a movie.  I’m not sure the story lived up to all the star power, but it was an entertaining watch:
And finally, “Brexit – The Uncivil War”.  This was a good insight into the work done behind the scenes that swayed the vote towards “Leave.”  Benedict Cumberbatch is excellent as always, and the story provides some great views into what might have happened:
I finished Amor Towles “Table for Two” this week.  So many folks have told me they either liked the short stories, or the novella, but nobody liked both.  I really enjoyed all of it.  “I Will Survive” and “The Bootlegger” were my favourites of the short stories.  Towles characters and observations are just so well done.
I finished up the “Wonder of Stevie” podcast series – highly recommended.  This horn section intro always makes me smile:
I listened to “Innervisions” and “Songs in the Key of Life” this week.  Such amazing music, and to think he played the majority of the instruments on all of these in his early twenties.
Something from the new Mark Knopfler release – he just keeps turning out great music with his unmatched guitar:
Something from a relatively new Marcus King release.  I much prefer his solo material to his band output:
Coexist peacefully, with patience and kindness for all!

Musical Research – Afrobeat Part 1

Afrobeat is a genre of music that blends traditional African rhythms with jazz, funk, highlife, and soul influences. It originated in the 1960s and 1970s, primarily in Nigeria, and became a significant cultural movement that reflected the political and social dynamics of West Africa. At its core, Afrobeat music was shaped by the need to create an expression that was uniquely African while incorporating elements from Western music traditions. This report provides an in-depth exploration of Afrobeat, focusing particularly on the roots of Nigerian and Ethiopian 1970s music, its evolution, and key artists and songs.


1. Introduction to Afrobeat Music

Afrobeat is a music genre that emerged from Nigeria in the late 1960s and 1970s, pioneered by Nigerian multi-instrumentalist Fela Kuti. It combines jazz, funk, highlife, traditional African rhythms, and soul music. The genre not only represents a sound but also encapsulates a revolutionary spirit, with its roots deeply intertwined with political activism, societal movements, and cultural identity.

Afrobeat music is characterized by large ensembles, complex polyrhythms, intricate horn sections, and the fusion of indigenous African instruments with Western instruments like the electric guitar, saxophone, and keyboards. The lyrics of Afrobeat are often socially and politically charged, tackling issues like corruption, poverty, and government oppression in African nations.

1.1 Origins of Afrobeat

Fela Kuti is widely credited as the founder of Afrobeat. Fela was born in 1938 in Abeokuta, Nigeria, and studied music in London, where he was exposed to jazz and funk. His return to Nigeria in the late 1960s saw him creating the band Koola Lobitos, where he started experimenting with different styles. Over time, Fela’s music evolved into a distinct blend of African highlife rhythms, jazz improvisation, and funk grooves.

1.2 Defining Features of Afrobeat Music

Afrobeat music is distinct in its use of rhythm and time signatures. Typical Afrobeat songs feature polyrhythmic drumming, long instrumental sections, and the use of call-and-response vocals. Fela’s songs, often ranging from 10 to 20 minutes long, reflect this extended and complex structure. The music is typically upbeat and danceable, though the lyrics address serious social issues.


2. The Role of Nigerian Music in Afrobeat Development

Nigeria’s diverse musical heritage, spanning traditional folk music, highlife, and Western influences, played a pivotal role in the development of Afrobeat. In the 1970s, Nigerian music was influenced by both local rhythms and global musical trends.

2.1 Nigerian Highlife Music

Highlife music, which combines traditional African sounds with Western instruments like the guitar, trumpet, and saxophone, was influential in shaping Afrobeat. Highlife was particularly popular in the 1950s and 1960s and laid the groundwork for Fela Kuti’s later innovations. Early Nigerian musicians such as Chief Stephen Osita Osadebe and Victor Olaiya popularized highlife, a style that would blend easily with the emerging Afrobeat sound.

2.2 Influence of Jazz and Funk on Nigerian Music

In the 1960s, Nigerian musicians began incorporating jazz and funk elements into their music. Fela Kuti was exposed to jazz music during his time in London, and he brought this genre’s improvisational nature into the fold of Nigerian music. The use of extended instrumental solos, syncopated rhythms, and complex horn arrangements were all elements of jazz that contributed to the distinctiveness of Afrobeat.


3. Ethiopian Music and Its Contribution to Afrobeat

While Nigeria is the birthplace of Afrobeat, Ethiopian music from the 1970s had a significant impact on the genre. Ethiopian musicians were not isolated from the global music scene, and the 1970s saw a wave of music innovation within the country, particularly in jazz and funk.

3.1 The Ethiopian Sound in the 1970s

In the 1970s, Ethiopian music was characterized by its unique pentatonic scale, modal melodies, and a fusion of traditional and modern sounds. Artists like Mulatu Astatke, known as the father of Ethio-jazz, blended traditional Ethiopian rhythms and scales with jazz improvisation. This fusion of traditional African and Western elements is what made Ethiopian jazz distinct and influential.

Mulatu Astatke’s work in particular is often cited as a key influence on the development of Afrobeat. His pioneering work in creating Ethio-jazz, which combines jazz with Ethiopian pentatonic scales, helped lay the foundation for Afrobeat’s fusion of African rhythms with jazz and funk.

3.2 Impact of Ethiopian Jazz on Afrobeat

Ethiopian jazz’s influence on Afrobeat can be seen in the incorporation of jazz instruments, like the saxophone and trumpet, into Afrobeat bands. Additionally, Ethiopian jazz’s use of unconventional time signatures and modal harmonies resonated with Fela Kuti’s experimentation with rhythm and structure. The Ethiopian sound contributed to the depth and complexity of Afrobeat’s arrangements, helping define its global appeal.


4. Key Artists in Afrobeat’s Evolution

While Fela Kuti is the most well-known figure in the Afrobeat genre, several other artists contributed significantly to its development. These musicians helped popularize Afrobeat and further expand its reach both within Africa and globally.

4.1 Fela Kuti

As the founder of Afrobeat, Fela Kuti’s impact cannot be overstated. His music became anthems for political activism, with songs like “Zombie” and “Water No Get Enemy” becoming rallying cries for resistance against corruption and dictatorship. Fela’s musical genius and his bold critique of African governments made him a hero for many in Africa and the African diaspora.

Fela’s style incorporated elements of highlife, jazz, funk, and traditional Nigerian rhythms. His powerful, often controversial, lyrics addressed topics like political corruption, human rights abuses, and the struggles of the African people. Fela’s ability to blend music with activism made him one of the most iconic figures in Afrobeat and one of Africa’s greatest musicians.

4.2 Tony Allen

Tony Allen was a Nigerian drummer who played a key role in the creation of Afrobeat. As the drummer for Fela Kuti’s band, Africa ’70, Tony Allen’s rhythmical innovations were integral to Afrobeat’s distinctive sound. His drumming style, characterized by complex polyrhythms, syncopated beats, and constant motion, laid the foundation for many of Afrobeat’s rhythms.

4.3 Other Afrobeat Artists

In addition to Fela Kuti and Tony Allen, other musicians contributed to the spread and evolution of Afrobeat. These include:

  • Antibalas: A Brooklyn-based Afrobeat band that helped bring the genre to a global audience in the 2000s.
  • Seun Kuti: Fela’s youngest son, who has carried on his father’s musical legacy while incorporating his own ideas and themes into Afrobeat.
  • Femi Kuti: Another of Fela’s sons, Femi has also contributed significantly to the genre with his own take on Afrobeat, blending funk, soul, and jazz with traditional African rhythms.

5. Afrobeat and Globalization

In the 1990s and 2000s, Afrobeat began to spread beyond Africa, gaining recognition in Europe, the United States, and other parts of the world. Artists like Antibalas and Seun Kuti played a significant role in introducing Afrobeat to a global audience. Furthermore, the genre’s fusion of funk, jazz, and African rhythms resonated with music enthusiasts worldwide.

Afrobeat’s influence can also be seen in the music of contemporary artists such as Burna Boy, Wizkid, and Mr. Eazi, who incorporate Afrobeat rhythms and themes into modern African pop, dancehall, and hip hop. Afrobeat’s reach has continued to grow, and today it is one of the most significant global music genres.


6. Musical Samples and Links to Afrobeat Music

To better understand Afrobeat music, here are links to some notable songs:

6.1 Fela Kuti – “Water No Get Enemy”

Water No Get Enemy – Fela Kuti
This classic song by Fela Kuti is a perfect example of his unique Afrobeat style, combining intricate rhythms with a message of unity and resilience.

6.2 Tony Allen – “Secret Agent”

Secret Agent – Tony Allen
Tony Allen’s drumming and musical innovations shine in this track, showcasing the rhythmic complexity that defines Afrobeat.

6.3 Mulatu Astatke – “Yekermo Sew”

Yekermo Sew – Mulatu Astatke
This track exemplifies the fusion of Ethiopian pentatonic scales and jazz improvisation, demonstrating the influence of Ethiopian music on Afrobeat.

6.4 Antibalas – “Dirty Money”

Dirty Money – Antibalas
A modern Afrobeat group, Antibalas has helped bring the genre to international audiences, blending traditional Afrobeat with modern sensibilities.


7. Conclusion

Afrobeat is a genre that has grown from the innovative experimentation of Fela Kuti and his contemporaries into a global phenomenon. By blending indigenous African rhythms with jazz, funk, highlife, and soul, Afrobeat created a sound that resonated with the struggles of African people while also pushing boundaries in music. Nigerian and Ethiopian music of the 1970s played a critical role in Afrobeat’s development, laying the foundation for the genre’s global expansion. Today, Afrobeat remains one of the most influential musical movements in the world, continuing to inspire new generations of musicians and fans alike.

Week in Review – January 5th, 2025

“Happy New Year, followed by tragedy in New Orleans”

We rode a real rollercoaster of emotions this week.  The joy and camaraderie of our New Year’s Eve party, followed by the tragic news of terrorism that we woke up to the next morning.  Thanks to the many folks that contacted us to check on the safety of our family and friends.

The early part of the week was spent on party preparations – several shopping trips, put up decorations, set up the Bartesian bar area, and finally, pick up the Saj (local Mediterranean restaurant) catering.

We invited folks to begin arriving at 6:30pm, not expecting anyone until around 7:30pm.  Wrong – John and Julia showed up right on time and helped with the final preparations.  We had around 35 folks, including the various kids (really young adults) that came and went over the night.  Here are some pictures of the group:

Those are our neighbours, Roeland and Jules, on the right.  Jules brought his famous meatballs to share with the group.  Kenny is standing to the left of Diana, and he brought his very popular open-faced muffulettas.  Here are Nina (one of Diana’s favourites) and the leader of her fan club:

Diana repurposed Mardi Gras throw hats with New Year’s Eve appropriate bands:

Denny and Kenny organized a special performance from the original New Orleans character that is Valerie Sassyfras:

She set up in the side yard and everyone moved outside to enjoy the performance.  Very well received by most (Bad Fred isn’t a huge fan.)  I was amazed that McD was oblivious to the whole thing until I invited folks into the backyard.

We’re all getting older.  Only six of us made it to midnight:

We woke up to the tragic news of the terrorist attack around 3am on Bourbon Street.  I love what Chris Peet, one of our party attendees did to send a message when Bourbon opened up again:

I was reading the paper and thought, “that looks like Chris Peet,” – sure enough that’s exactly who it was, “reclaiming the route for love.”

I joined the guys at the Bulldog on New Year’s afternoon to watch the UT vs Arizona State college football playoff game.  UT had a comfortable lead and then Arizona came back to tie things up.  Double overtime was very stressful for Thom – he had to go inside and away from the chatter of the group to watch the last portion of the game.  UT ultimately prevailed.

On Thursday we celebrated Jack and Mason’s 22nd birthdays (born on o1/02/03) with a dinner at Pascal’s Manale.  The girls (including a special appearance by Julia, whose daughter works at Pascal’s) started with oysters at the stand up bar, and then we had a great time in the “Manning” private dining room.  That was followed by ice cream cake back at the Ogan residence.

Happy Birthday boys!

On Friday we had the pre-op appointment for Diana’s back surgery.  It’s starting to get real and bit nerve wracking for both of us.

In the afternoon we went to the Broad to see the new movie about Bob Dylan, “A Complete Unknown.”

The movie was very well done, with Timothee Chalamet excellent as the young Dylan.

After the movie, we walked across the parking lot to the Broadside Theater for the Willow High School band fundraiser.  This was a well done event, starting with a performance by the Willow band.  That was followed by the Hot 8 Brass Band – a group that I always enjoy.

Shamar Allan’s son is in the Willow band, and he had organized the event as a fundraiser for a trip the band plans to take for a competition at Disneyland.  Shamar’s band gave a fun performance, including a solo from his 13 year old son.

Saturday began with a couple of laps around Audubon park, and then we got to work on taking down the Christmas decorations and loading them up into the third floor attic.  We needed to get those down in preparation for putting up Mardi Gras stuff on Twelfth Night – Monday.  Not much of a break between the two this year.

Meanwhile, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, David was quite pleased with his completed puzzle:

I started “Table for Two” by Amor Towles this week.  I’ve had it for over almost a year and have been waiting for a quiet time when I can really savour it.  The book consists of six short stories based in New York City and a novella set in Golden Age Hollywood.

I’ve heard mixed reviews on this from friends – some preferring the short stories, and others the novella.  I’ve enjoyed the first couple of short stories quite a bit – very entertaining and well written.

I heard this wonderful song, co-written by Bobby Charles and Rick Danko of the Band again this week.  Great music.

A wonderful cover by the Scotsman, John Martyn:

I really like this cover of “Treme” by Mahmoud Chouki, originally from Morocco and now based in New Orleans:

And let’s finish up with something celebrating the good aspects of the Crescent City:

Coexist peacefully, with kindness and compassion for all!